ECONOMIC-CHAPTER 1

A. Multiple Choise
1.A
2.C
3.E
4.C
5.D
6.C
7.D
8.A
9.B
10.A


B. Essays
1. State and explain the reasons behind the scarcity of resources of and goods/services.
   - Natural disasters,like tsunami,earthquake,and flood,destory the resources,so that they cannot
     be utilezed.
   - Wars also on of the main resons behind scarcity.Civil War in Sudan,for instance,has coused 
     famine and starvation.
   - Human behaviour toward natural resource also has imoact on resource scarceness,which in
      turn can cause scarcity of goods and services. Ilegal logging is one of the examples.
   - The various arrays of needs. Human needs are continously developed. It is a human nature,
      that we,humans,always feel insuffincient.
2. In your own words,explain what scarcity is?
    - Scarcity it is the condition that explains the limitation of resources in producing the human 
      need.
3. Explain resource allocation using the PPF curve!
    - In economics,resource allocation can be explained wiyh the production possibility curve.
      This curve depicts every possible output combination that can be produced by can
       economiy whit is own production factors (resources)
4. Expalin how to make choise rationally!
    - These are four step to accomplish a ratinally attitude in fulfilling our needs:
       a. Distinguish between needs and wants
       b. Identify the reason of the need fulfillment
       c. Do the cost and benefit analysis in fulfilling the needs
       d. Realising the opportunity cost. If one need is fulfilled,then its opportunity cost is the other
           need that cannot be fulfilled because of it.
5. What are the different kinds of human needs?please explain! 
     - Intensity
     -Nature
     - Time
    - Subject who needs it

6. Explain about the fundamental economic problems are!
    - What to be produced= Remembering to the limited production resource and is alternative 
       usage,yhus the society must determine the kinds anf numbers of goods and services that 
       wil be produced
    - How to produce= This is about production techique employed and the ability to combine
       various factors or resources in a production process.
    - For whom the goods/services are produced= This is about who or which social class in the 
      society will consume the goods/services produced.
7. Compare between mixed economic system and centralized economic system!
    - This economic system is based on the direction from central authority or central goverment. 
       All important economic activitiesare regulated and carried out by central goverment. and 
      there is no individual ownership,everyting is owned by goverment.
   - This system combines the strengths of socialism and capitalism and eliminate the 
      weaknessess.
8. What are the advantageous and disadvantageous of centralized economic system?
    -Advantageous: - This economic system depends on centralized planing of the goverment.
                                - All economis activities have been planned and controlled by the goverment
    -Disadvantageous : - In this system there is no individual ownership 
                                       - The poeple are usually passive and do not have the freedom to 





                                          express them selves
9. In your opinion,does traditional system still exist in this world? Elaborate.
     - Still,,,because this traditional economis system is the first ever applied by humankind before other 
        more modern economic system are discovered. For example,,,in area beach,,ect.
10. In your oponion, what economic system is adopted in Indonesia? Elaborate
      - For along time,In ndonesia has been applying the mixed economic system in its economic 
         development practices. This system present limited freedom to its society to posses 
         means of productions. It also shows in the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) articel 33.